This previous weekend, I encountered this same problem (error code 15 for yaml files) with a brand-new Tutor Open edX instance (Palm 4 release, v16.1.8). After extensive troubleshooting over two days, on the Docker, Tutor, Openedx forums, Stackoverflow and respective Github repo issues it seems the root cause is a compatibility issue with Docker’s latest version, likely originating from v25.
I tested the YAML configuration files and found no errors. These tests also included fresh installations on both Ubuntu 20 and 22, while other dependencies, software, networking, system resources being controlled/monitored, each performed twice. The issue appears to be specifically related to the ./dev/docker-compose.yml file. When executing ‘docker compose up’ on the ./local/docker-compose.yml file, there are no conflicts, and the build process initiates smoothly. I would recommend trying with Docker v24 (I successfully installed it using 24.0.7-1~ubuntu.20.04~focal – on a VM).
Although further extensive troubleshooting and confirmation from more experienced professionals, such as yourself, Regis, would be beneficial.